Figure 4: White Cliffs. An extensive layer of limestone is exposed on both sides of the English Channel: in the cliffs of Normandy, France (top) and the White Cliffs of Dover, England (bottom). This 600  –1,000-foot-thick layer extends under the Channel and far into England and France. Was this region a shallow sea that somehow accumulated all this limestone, or was this limestone swept out of the subterranean chambers as the flood waters erupted onto the Earth’s surface?  Answering this question will provide insight on the geologic history of the entire Earth—and much more.